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The same is true of Cohn, Cohen, and Kahn; Schnaddicher and Schnaittacher, and Buttenwieser and Buddewiser are used interchangeably. In the second half of the 19th century, the desire for assimilation led some German Jews to change their given names from biblical or other, typically Jewish names to names they regarded as more elegant alternatives. Sometimes the old and new names alliterated, but often they did not. A man was rescued after he drove off the side of the road near Kelso on Friday night. If you need to be unblocked please e-mail us at and provide the IP address and reference number shown here along with why you require access.
Birth, marriage, and death registers generally followed the same style within a given community or region. Typically, registers were maintained by the rabbi in those communities that could afford one. In the absence of a resident rabbi, a Jewish parochial school teacher or a community leader was responsible for keeping the register. Nities used preprinted ledger pages in later years. Mostly, however, the column categories and their order are somewhat idiosyncratic, reflecting local customs and the record keepers’ preferences. Family and given names of the principal person and the actual date of the event always appear, but not necessarily in a consistent order.
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The earliest civil records for Jews of southern Germany appear towards the end of the 18th century. Prior to this time, only tax records, property lists, and court records documented the presence of individual Jews. Jewish family books exist for the first half of the 19th century.
Occasionally, one finds marginal notes added later. Depending on how well the rabbi did know German, the initial death record also may have been written in Hebrew, with the date given in both Hebrew and Gregorian notation. These laws applied initially not only to Austria proper but also to Bavaria, Bohemia, Galicia, Moravia, and other parts of the Hapsburg Empire.
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The laws and regulations prescribed a tabular form for the civil records. As we know today, the health and economic achievements of families depend to a great extent on the literacy of the mothers. Perhaps Emperor Joseph II should be thanked for some of the growth of the Jewish population, and the economic and academic success of 19th-century European Jewry. These lists show the old, patronymic name in one column and the new civil name in the second column. Name adoption lists from Baden were collected by the genealogist and historian Berthold Rosenthal and now are housed at the Leo Baeck Institute in New York. Name adoption lists are being transcribed by Wolfgang Fritsche and are available on the Internet at www.a-h-b.de/ AHB/links_e.htm.
Separate Jewish civil records were kept up to about 1876. After that time, vital records for Gentiles and Jews were kept jointly. Although most original Jewish civil records from the 19th century appear lost, microfilmed copies of many of them survived in the Leipzig and Gatermann films.
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Baden-Wuerttemberg and some Bavarian records are accessible online. Most can be found in the respective state and district archives. Many records are also available at CAHJP and from the Family History Library.25 The detailed date span for Jewish civil records varies from community to community and often even by life event. Learning to read Gothic Current script takes a few days practice using easily available aids, but is well worth the effort.
Surrounded by holiday lawn ornaments, Wayne Arnold sits on a float as it passes along the Hadley Overpass on State Street in North Adams during the annual Fall Foliage Parade on Sunday October 2, 2022. Arnold has been doing a Christmas display in the yard of his East Main Street home for over 30 years. Most Jewish genealogists researching their European ancestry eventually confront 19th-century civil records, but the variety of types and forms of such documents may be confusing. In addition, Jewish civil records vary somewhat from those of their Gentile neighbors.
With some exceptions, Jewish records tend to follow the outline generally prescribed for the Gentile records. Santa and Mrs. Claus stopped by the home of Wayne Arnold of 476 East Main St. in North Adams on December 22, 2019. Visitors are encouraged to walk around the yard, which is a theme park of ornaments, figures and lights. In addition to the original registers kept by the rabbis, a second copy, kept by the local pastor of the dominant local church, commonly existed.
Extant Jewish civil records typically cover the period 1780 to 1876. After 1876, civil records were no longer kept separately by religion but became the responsibility of the state authorities. Depending on the jurisdiction, some headings were compulsory, while others were optional.
Consequently, depending on the region and the scribe, the same character may appear totally different. “These incidents have a significant impact, not only on the family and friends of the victim but also on the entire community. Surrey RCMP’s victim services have been engaged and are available to anyone in need of assistance,” he said. Although the Stuttgart archive attributes this record to Sulzburg , the entries do not correspond to the civil register copy maintained by the Sulzburg pastor.
These were copied, usually once a year, from the rabbi’s original. Often, the rabbi had to countersign the second copy. Many of the second copies kept by pastors still exist.
Unfortunately, not all public records can be categorized clearly, and not all are easily legible. At the beginning of the 19th century especially, some rabbis were only partially literate in German. Some dates are given in Gregorian form, others are written in Hebrew letters, and some appear as the name of the Torah portion recited on the Sabbath following the event recorded. When issued, certificates usually were additional to register entries.
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